Bullying
“A person is being bullied when he or she is exposed, repeatedly over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other students” (Olweus, 1993, p. 9)
Criteria:
Physically harming a person or indirect forms of victimization
Victimization occurs repeatedly over time
Victims do not have equal strength or power to the bully
Bullying Types
Verbal bullying, bullying through social exclusion or isolation,physical bullying, bullying through lies and false rumors, having money or other things taken or damaged by students who bully, being threatened or being forced to do things by students who bully, racial bullying,sexual bullying,cyber bullying (via cell phone or Internet)
Forms of bullying
Direct
- Behavior that hurts, harms, or humiliates and is overt, obvious, and apparent to anyone witnessing it.
•The actions and words are easy to identify.
•The identity of bully is known
- The acts are focused toward the person being bullied — they know about the bullying as it is happening.
Indirect
Behavior that hurts, harms, or humiliates, which is often covert, subtle, and not always immediately acknowledged as bullying.
The words and actions can be harder to identify, can be done anonymously and discreetly
The target might not find out about the bullying until long after it has happened.
4 bullying categories
Bully : A student that bully other children regularly
Victim: A student that have been bullied 2–3 times a month
Bully/victim: A student that reported as bullied and bulling others
Bystander: Children who were not include in other 3 categories
Characteristics of victims
weak, insecure, sensitive, quiet,shy,high levels of anxiety,introversion and low self-esteem(Farrington,1993).
Characteristics of bullies
They tend to be aggressive, hostile, impulsive, and with poor social skills, they behave in a stable and persistent manner,they have bigger psychoticism scores than other children,difficulties to detect emotions such as fear or sadness and to recognize their victims´ suffering as a consequence of their behaviours.
Characteristics of bullies/victims
Named reactive bullies or provocative victims“these children both bully others and are bullied themselves” (Smokowski & Holland, 2005).,
They annoy students and irritate and tease others to create tension, attempting to fight back when insulted or attacked,aggressive and anxious,high level of depression, and low measures on self-esteem, prosocial behavior, and social acceptance,their social functioning is poor compared with pure bullies or victims,high risk for social isolation, academic failure and to be involved in conflictive behaviours,family context they usually deal with an inconsistent parental pattern: overprotective, neglectful and abusive
Impacts on bullies lives
Deliquant behavior,criminal misconduct,employment problems,psychiatric disorders,high levels of depression and antisocial behavior
Impacts on victims lives
Depression,low self-esteem,health problems,poor grades,suicidal thoughts